竺可桢日记>19500922
9月22日 星期五 南京秋分晨阴 ,A。Cu , A。5t 自南,65° ,房中66° 上 午阴,下午微雨,晚阴 。犹闻促织,未闻黄莺也,不见燕子。
方俊赴河南。剃头。
晨六点起。近日腹又患泻, 应酬多,于消化有不良影响。八点至地理所。作函与汪胡帧,介绍周宗梭。复得汪电话,知渠已电邀周宗泼矣。阅Richard Ha由horne著Nature of Geography,述地理学历史甚详。十二点回。睡一小时。二点至南大前剃头铺剃头。回。徐近之、九章相继来。与孟和谈。五点洗浴。
H.R.Byers: Principal Results of a Comprehensive Investigat10n of the Structureand Dynamics of the Thunderstorm, Tellus , Nov.,1949, pp。6-18。在1945年, US Weather Bureau , Air Force , Navy & Nat10nal Advisory Committeefor Aeronautics 组织研究雷雨。1946年在Florida 研究,1947年在SW Oh10 研究。
报告是R.R.Braham,1.J.Battan , H.1.Harriilton , H.m.moses 著,1950年初出版,计300 pp., US Government Printing Office 称“Thundemtom”。
雷雨可分三期:(1) Cumulus stage , (2) mature stage, (3) Dissipating st吨e。
在第一时期不降雨, 气流上升。第二时期开始下雨。When the size and concentrat10nof the drops or ice crystals becomes so great that they can no longer be supported bythe existing updraft.The drag exerted by the precipitat10n upon the ascending air is animportant factor in fonning a downdraft and , as a maller of observed fact , the beginningof rain at the surface & the initial appearance of downdraft are coincidental:在此时期,updraft still persists , greatest at the highest levels up to25,a泪, Low T.are associatedW1也downdraft.Above26;000, no direct observat10ns have been made , but radar日记。1950年187echo returned, it is concluded that the size & number of particles 缸e large to hts.asgreat 臼60,仅)()。在第三期, Downdraft spreads the entire 缸ea.A thunderstonn usuallyconsists of 3or more cells adjacent to each other.Average durat10n of rain25.In pr臼S山e curve there 町e the“n。四。.and the ”dome“.Pressure nose was detected by butone stat10n per cell in Oh10 , indicating that max.diameter of5miles , probably due tothe weight of suspended and 也lling water, and a lack of balance between convergence& divergence.ln humidity curve there is a sharp decre且se in the midst of downpour to60-70%.The T。.of rain water is several degrees lower than ambient 时。第一次电闪见时,要云顶到-200C levelo Radar可以测上升气流,故可以预告Hail o mean m阻ht。of 雷雨,用Radar 量得37,500。
寄 周宗竣函
