03月13日 星期二 （重庆）晴。

晨18° ，气压31。
3“。

下午20°

晨叔永夫妇来。
解俊民、胡永畅来。

下午周子竞来。
郑肇经（权伯）来。
医生魏祖宪来.Haldane Keeping Cool。
卧病感冒。
7 A.m.37。
9° ，10Am37。
6° ，1P.m.37。
9° ， 3：4538。
5° ，7 ：00Pm39。
5° ，9：3037。
8°
J.B.S.Haldane Keeping cool and other essays 《保持冷静和其他论文》， Chatto and Windus ， London ，1940.pp。
253275： The marxist Philosophy ， a lecture deliv。
ered hefore Birkheck College ，1938.p。
256： As a result of my scientific and political experience ，1had to accept marxismas the hest availahle philosophy。
。
。
.It is com。
monly stated that marxismexalts the state as against the individual that it preaches fatal。
ism， & that it regards man as the slave of economic。
forces.We shall see later how far fromthese statements are fromthe truth.The marxist philosophy is called dialectical materialism.It traces its origin on the one hand to the mechanical materialismof French18 century philosophers such as Diderot & on the other to the dialectical idealismof He。
gel.marχist acknowledge the unity of theorγ& practice ， hut the primacy of practice over theory.marx wrote “other philosophers have interpreted the world ， the point is to change it。
”As a marxist ， he must he prepared to state his life on the truih of his phi。
losophy.By materialismis meant the acknowledgement of the temporal pr10rity of matter over mind ， and helieve that there are unperceived events.In Hegels philosophy the unity of philosophy was treated idealistically.The principles of change were called dialectical ， hecause they were examplified in dialectical thought.And Hegel helieved that nature mirrored thought.marx on the other hand went hack to the common sense view ， that thought & other mental processes mirror nature with different degree of exactness.Of2similar things of which one is copy of the other ， the one which was the first is the original.And Darwins work left marx with no douht that nature was in existence hefore mind.Haldane p。
260： Even the laws of nature change.According to milne the wave length of a spectral line measured in a material rod ， is gradually diminishing ， and in relat10n to the day or year chemical processes are speeding up.It also embodies the unity of the opposites.Plato saw that body was both large & small ， soft & hard ， and concluded that size & hardness are real ， but matter is unreal.Another fundamental dialectical principle is what Hegel called the transformat10n of quantity into quality e.g.that change of H20into steam.The most fundamental is the quantumtheory.Few b10l。
ogist believes in continuous variat10n.The most characteristically Hegelian principle in marxismis that of the negat10n of negat10n ， a negative condit10n in a child is a source of alarmto parents.A child must pass a stage of guilt.The negat10n of innocence before it can attain to virtue.This principle is the main sources of progress in mathematics.Complex No.was invented after the rules of ordinary arithmatic was broken。
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