4月1日 星期六 渝
(日记原文中列有两次“4月1日”,《全集》按原顺序全文入编。)
asthma气喘病之治疗。新城新藏论中国古代历法。
晨六点半起。阅J.A.Rudolph Allergy and Its Applicat10n, Dorrance , Philadel。phia ,1937。其中Chap。7有云, Bronchial asthma is that formof atopic illness which manifest itself in Tecurrent attacks of paroxysmal dyspnea , particularly in the expiratory pleura.Heredity in50%.The les10n is primarily one of the lining mucosa which becomes edematous.The muscle becomes spasmodic and an outpouring of exudates into the lumen takes place.The mucous plugs obstruct lumen , thus embarrassing respirat10n.Chap。9, Treatment:(a) Adrenalin or Epinephrine is the drug of greatest usefulness.The dose is27 minims of1/1000solut10n administrated hypodermically &re。peated as often as necessaη。All patients with Chronic asthma should be taught to ad。minister adrenalin themselves.又 Adrenalin HCL111000dilut10n O。1to0。5cc.Epi。nephrine (adrenalin) is the active principle of the medulla of the suprarenal gland is a stimulant to the peripheral and organ of the sympathetic nerves , poorly absorbed by mu。cous surface , and only slowly absorbed after intramuscular or subcutaneous i时ect10n, but has。。.act10n following administrat10n.This act10n is of short durat10n , smce It leaves the blood rapidly & soon oxidized.Its effect can be maintained by continuous ad。口1l1llstratlOn msmall amounts。五分至十分即见效,三十分钟全恢复。但只能last 302h , subcutaneous lasts2times as long as。ntravenous,因 peripheral area收吸慢.The proper dose is much smaller than recommended。书中劝用0。51.00cc (815mn mCB of1/1000solut10n,而医生有时用1Ampoule (1cc) such doses are danger。ous , causes attack of palpitat10n , cardiac irregularity , mtense throbbing headache , vomiting , extreme weakness.The epinephrine react10n is unnecessaηas the full thera。peutic effect of asthma can be obtained by small amount.Give0。2to0。4cc of the111000solut10n subcutaneously.The attack will subside in5in most cases.If it does not , the dose should be repeated in20.Patients having severe attacks will have recur。rence of symptoms in a few hours.For these observe frequency & administer a dose of Epinephrine immediate before the beginning of next attack.The administrat10n of O。3cc of111000solut10n eveη3or 4hrs day & night will prevent symptoms so that less of the drug will be used than would be required during an advanced paroxysm.A glass syringe should be used , this should be boiled , since a small amount of alcohol may de。stroyed the drug.The solut10n must be CIγstal clear & colorless.The slightest tinge in。dicates the drugs potency has been lost.Ephedrine is the alkaloid麻黄(ma Huang)在中国为药己数千年。Its effect on sympathetic nerve is same as Epinephrine.Readily absorbed fromthe gastro intestinal to act故可以口吃。自1924以来, Chen &Schmidt 即用之,but experience show it is not as valuable as expected.A full therapeutic dose rarely relieves a severe attack.It is helpful in continuous doses in preventing mild sei。zures , and does control the wheezing of mild asthmatic state.It is best administered as the HCL or sulphate in dose of2565mgms.Effect lasts from4to 6hours.It produces wakefulness , bad dreams , marked weakness , sweatmg , and in some cardiac irregularity.It is our customto prescribe from5-10mgmof amytal with each50mgmof phedrin HCm, 4times daily.Extra doses are of quest10nable value.It is solvable in oil.1% solut10n is convenient for nasal use.Opiumin any formis dangerous in asthma.This is全国 allergist一致意见.Death in an acute attack of asthma is rare but we have observed in 6cases,五次用 mo甲hine,一次用 Codeine。用药后呼吸更困难.Post mo时em检查.The entire bronchial tree was filled with mucous exudates so tenac10us that it was difficult to pull it away.Bedadonnu , Stramonium, Hyoscyamin。这三种均靠 Atropine成份 Atropine paralyzes the innemat10n of bronchial muscles hence causing dilat10n & reduct10n in the secret10n of mucus.Best result are obtained when inhaled.This can be accomplished by inhaling the smoke produced by。buming stramoniumpow。der or stramoniumcigarette ,1gmof stramonium=0.30。5mgmof atropine.most of asthma cigarette contain stramonium, some contain tobacco , lobelia , anise , etc.The inhalat10n of smoke is followed by a few minutes by cough & expectorat10n of the mu。cous plug which were obstructing the bronchial tree.Atropine is not useful when admin。istered by any other route。
新城新藏《东洋天文学史研究》。p.523“汉代所见之诸种历法”(民九年著) , 结论谓:(1)春秋后半叶,大约 BC 600年后,似已行-定之历法,采冬至为标准,以西元595BC为部首,乃恐为一种四分历,即七十六年法。西洋之七十六年法系创于 Callipus,在 BC 3340(2)自汉初迄太初所施行之历法为制项历。(3)太初元年以来所行之历法为邓平之81分法。前汉末刘散于此历法更附加超辰法,遂完成三统历。(4)三统历所采用之日蚀周期为135个月,在《史记》己露其端倪({天官书~)。而泰西所知之日蚀周期为 Chaldeans之 Soros,其周期为223个月。二者极然不同。故断定秦汉时代中国历法与泰西元关。又民国十七年著《战国秦汉之历法 hp。525610,四分历法者乃以-年之长为三六五·二五日,其十九年之长适为235个月,每逢76年朔夜半冬至等更反复如前之历法也.365。25x19x 4=29.53085x235x 4=27759日。此七十六年称为一部。但因其日数不能 60日除尽,故干支不能如前。若再乘以二十,即每二十部则季节朔日之位置又复如前。故四分历以1520年为一纪。《史记·历书》当太初改历之时,有一历法案曾欲采用,是为太初四分历,认元封七年前十二月甲子前夜半适为朔与冬至相合,将称此年为太初元年,焉逢摄提格岁。但因沿用已久之顿硕历称此年为丙子,又自战国后半叶以来均用夏正,故此历遂撤回。四分历之置闰法为每隔 33月、 33月、 32月、 33月、 32月、 33月、 32月,而月大小之交替则每隔17个月,17个月及15个月有连大之月。制项历亦为四分历之一种,与三统不同者,即以冬至为立春,甲子为甲寅,夜半为晨初是也。殷历则亦为四分历,但以 BC1567或其后一纪 BC 47为历元,并以此年前十一月甲子夜半为朔与冬至相合之期。《左传》与《国语》系作于战国时代之中叶,即 360BC。《左传·文公元年》载有“于是闰三月,非礼也。先王之正时也,履端于始,举正于中,归余于中(终)”云云。可知当时已知置闰之法,须将气在望中。十九年之章法大体行自宣公十四年, BC595。其始系以宣公十四年为章首之闰法。惟于 351BC其章首提早三年,而变为殷历之闰法。秦二十六年以后又改成岁终置闰,遂有“后九月”之称。以至太初建大月配置法,春秋后半叶至BC 443为17,17,15个月间隔法,443BC以后变为76年法。故十九年法较之泰西梅顿 metonic (BC 432)早160年,七十六年法比之泰西早110年云云。
4月1日 星期六 渝阴热。下午约二十度左右。下午阴 ,子夜雨。
英机900架炸Nuremberg纽伦堡损失94架,为近年最大损失。二月份英机夜袭德国,炸弹之多为各月最,单柏林已二万吨。综计英损失飞机558架(本月)。
晨六点起。阅 Rudolph气喘书。八点至青年团开会,到干事、监察约七八十人。段书i台主席,由各地团部报告。计重庆团部任觉五、贵州团部黄宇人及两广、西康等。黄宇人攻击贵州省党部傅启学,谓不与团部合作。余早退。十点剃头。中午至美专校路25号余又荪处中膳,到梦麟等十四人。二点至教育部晤吴士选,嘱由部出函与四联总处,并嘱设法为刚复谋出国机会。渠云英国Socos公司正欲觅无线电研究人员云。
三点偕蔚光赴沙坪坝,四点半始到。离中国地理学会开理事会期己一小时余,肖堂等均已散会。遂偕蔚光至南开经济研究所晤方显廷。方于二月间由美国返国,住 柏树村四号。余等去时,适方送其夫人人中央医院,未值。晚得方电话,知已回南开。方在美国哈佛一年后,至华盛顿经济作战部一年余,曾晤见晓峰。谓美国(有关)中 国舆论日渐低落,(对)委员长《中国之命运》,美国人以为国家主义之色彩太浓。且国内情形太乱,物价增长太速,故凡美国来一人,其报告印象均极坏云云。
晚与程忆帆、蔚光等谈。十点阅何贻焜编《曾国藩评传》,正中书局出版,价二十六元,为中国近来传记新辟一格,因其既非年谱亦非自传也。其中有引容闳《西学东渐记》 my Life in China & America,谓1867年曾文正定捻军后任两江总督,对于曾亲创之江南制造局,文正见其发达,乃大喜。容复劝其设立兵工学校,以期中国不必再需用外国机器及外国工程师,并派学生出洋,文正大赞许之。此事迄今七十七年,而形势仍复如此。
接 梅、朱正元函 豹崑函
寄 桐梓招待所